BACKGROUND Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria produce beta-lactamase as factors to overcome beta-lactam antibiotics, causing their hydrolysis and impaired antimicrobial action. Class A beta-lactamase contains the chromosomal sulfhydryl reagent variable (SHV, point mutation variants of SHV-1), LEN (Klebsiella pneumoniae strain LEN-1), and other K. pneumoniae beta-lactamase (OKP) found mostly in Klebsiella’s phylogroups. The SHV known as extended-spectrum β-lactamase can inactivate most beta-lactam antibiotics. Class A also includes the worrisome plasmid-encoded Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC-2), a carbapenemase that can inactivate most beta-lactam antibiotics, carbapenems, and some beta-lactamase inhibitors. OBJECTIVES So far, there is no 3D crystal structure for OKP-B, so our goal was to perform structural characterisation and molecular docking studies of this new enzyme. METHODS We applied a homology modelling method to build the OKP-B-6 structure, which was compared with SHV-1 and KPC-2 according to their electrostatic potentials at the active site. Using the DockThor-VS, we performed molecular docking of the SHV-1 inhibitors commercially available as sulbactam, tazobactam, and avibactam against the constructed model of OKP-B-6. FINDINGS From the point of view of enzyme inhibition, our results indicate that OKP-B-6 should be an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) susceptible to the same drugs as SHV-1. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This conclusion advantageously impacts the clinical control of the bacterial pathogens encoding OKP-B in their genome by using any effective, broad-spectrum, and multitarget inhibitor against SHV-containing bacteria.

A integrina VLA-4 (integrina α4β1) participa da fisiopatologia de uma grande variedade de doenças, incluindo asma, esclerose múltipla, artrite reumatóide e diabetes. A seletividade de ligantes por essa integrina permanece ainda um problema sem resposta, principalmente devido ao fato das estruturas 3D da maioria delas serem ainda desconhecida. Inicialmente, construímos um modelo computacional tridimensional do sítio ativo da integrina α4β1, utilizando a estrutura cristalográfica da integrina αVβ3 como molde. Após, realizamos um estudo por docking molecular usando um conjunto de sete antagonistas de α4β1 derivados de 4-[N'-(2-metilfenil)ureido]fenilacetil, avaliando os seus modos de ligação. A técnica de dinâmica molecular foi utilizada de modo a aumentar a eficiência da exploração do perfil energético obtido pelo algoritmo de docking. Segundo a nossa análise, os compostos foram sistematicamente agrupados em dois modos de ligação principais, sendo a conformação estendida o modo prevalente de ligação dos antagonistas no sítio. Cálculos de energia livre também confirmaram essa constatação. Esse estudo aumenta a compreensão dos mecanismos de ligação dessa família de antagonistas e pode fornecer informações úteis ao desenho racional de fármacos específicos para o VLA-4.

The VLA-4 antigen (α4β1 integrin) is involved in the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases including asthma, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. The ligand selectivity toward this integrin remains a difficult problem, mainly due to the fact that 3D structures of most integrins are still unknown. We initially built a 3D computational model of the α4β1 ligand binding site, taking the crystal structure of the integrin αVβ3 as template. Then, we performed a computational study on a set of seven α4β1 antagonists, evaluating the binding modes of 4-[N'-(2-methylphenyl)ureido]phenylacetyl and derivatives by molecular docking. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to improve the receptor-ligand energy landscape exploration by the docking algorithm. The compounds were systematically arranged in two main binding modes, and in all cases, pointed out that these antagonists preferably bind to the α4β1 integrin active site in an extended conformation that resembles the one in solution. LIE (linear interaction energy) calculations also confirmed this statement given that the most prevailing binding mode is also the energetically most favored one. This study benefits the comprehension of the mechanism of this family of antagonists and may provide useful information for rational drug design.